The word for today is…
habeas corpus (noun):
1: any of several common-law writs issued to bring a party before a court or judge
2: the right of a citizen to obtain a writ of habeas corpus as a protection against illegal imprisonment
Source : Merriam -Webster
Etymology : The literal meaning of habeas corpus is "You shall have the body"—that is, the judge must have the person charged with a crime brought into the courtroom to hear what he's been charged with. Through much of human history, and in many countries still today, a person may be imprisoned on the orders of someone in the government and kept behind bars for years without ever getting a chance to defend himself, or even knowing what he's done wrong. In England, the right to be brought before a judge to hear the charges and answer them was written into law over 300 years ago, and the U.S. adopted the British practice in its Constitution.
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